技術(shù)領(lǐng)域

       本發(fā)明是純水生產(chǎn)過程中一級反滲透系統(tǒng)提高制水得水率的裝置。

       背景技術(shù)

       在純化水的生產(chǎn)過程中一般都使用反滲透裝置來去除水中前過濾裝置未過濾掉的機械雜質(zhì)、有機物和99%以上的離子，來獲得純化水。在這操作過程中，水必須通過加壓后才能通過反滲透膜，加壓后的水透過了反滲透膜使水得到凈化，經(jīng)過凈化的水被送入到下一流程繼續(xù)凈化或進行使用；而含有機械雜質(zhì)、有機物和離子的濃水在膜的另一側(cè)隨著水流排出一級反滲透裝置。其凈化水與進水之比為70%左右，30%的濃水經(jīng)過減壓以后就作為廢水排入到城市污水管網(wǎng)中。本發(fā)明就是利用一級反滲透裝置濃水側(cè)的余壓把30%的濃水經(jīng)過本裝置進行凈化，凈化后的水送入到一級反滲透裝置前的儲罐，作為一級反滲透的部分進水，減少前級裝置的水處理量。減少廢水的排放，提高能源利用率，減少制水過程中自來水的消耗。

       發(fā)明內(nèi)容

       流程：

       流程描述：

       加壓后的水透過了一級反滲透膜，獲得了70%的凈化水，同時還有0.7Mpa壓力的30%的濃水通過減壓以后必須排出一級反滲透裝置。本裝置利用這一余壓把這些水重新壓入從正常制水系統(tǒng)報廢的舊膜中而獲得二次過濾產(chǎn)水，二次產(chǎn)水送入一級反滲透前水箱。從而使一級反滲透裝置的得水率從70%提高到88%以上。

       一級反滲透膜進水水質(zhì)提高：

       一般自來水的電導(dǎo)率為300~400µs,經(jīng)過前級處理以后在進入一級反滲透前水箱時其電導(dǎo)基本不變。當(dāng)一級反滲透濃水經(jīng)過本裝置以后產(chǎn)出的二次產(chǎn)水其電導(dǎo)為45~60µs,這個二次產(chǎn)水與 300~400µs的水進行混合以后，此時一級反滲透前水箱中水的電導(dǎo)將下降到200µs左右。大大改善了一級反滲透膜的進水水質(zhì)，由于一級反滲透進水電導(dǎo)的下降，使得一級反滲透出水的水質(zhì)改善，出水電導(dǎo)下降3~4µs。進水水質(zhì)的改善又使得一級反滲透膜的使用壽命獲得延長。

       報廢反滲透膜的再次利用：

       一級反滲透膜或二級反滲透膜在經(jīng)過一定水流量的過濾以后，其產(chǎn)水電導(dǎo)上升、流量下降、進水側(cè)與產(chǎn)水側(cè)的膜間壓差增大，此時膜必須進行更換才能保持系統(tǒng)的正常生產(chǎn)，報廢膜作為垃圾進行處理。通常一級膜的電導(dǎo)大于 20µs以后就需要更換，本裝置把所有的膜殼進行并聯(lián)組合，把報廢的膜裝入每個膜殼中，在每個膜殼前、后加裝閥門，通過膜殼前后的閥門的開閉，來調(diào)節(jié)膜殼投入運行的數(shù)量，從而調(diào)節(jié)二次產(chǎn)水的產(chǎn)量。

       余壓的充分使用

       高壓泵把水加壓以后使水透過了一級反滲透膜而獲得凈化的水，但在濃水側(cè)還有0.7Mpa的壓力，在濃水排入下水道時必須減壓排放。本裝置在保持一級反滲透裝置膜間壓差不變的情況下，通過開啟本裝置膜殼數(shù)量的多少來利用濃水排放的余壓來過濾濃水，所以本裝置無需新增動力，高壓泵能量得到了充分的利用。

       實際產(chǎn)生的成果

       費森尤斯卡比華瑞制藥有限公司在2013年5月份在一個22立方米/Hr的純水站安裝了本裝置，該裝置已經(jīng)連續(xù)運行到至今，近5年時間。每小時一級反滲透裝置排放15~16噸廢水。在2013年以后這些排放廢水就進入了這個節(jié)水裝置，2014年這個裝置就節(jié)約自來水4萬噸（公司全年用水50噸），隨著純水量每年的增加，節(jié)水量也在不斷擴大。該純水站制水系統(tǒng)少進自來水，純水站節(jié)約電能5%，污水每月少排5噸以上。

       2014年節(jié)水統(tǒng)計

       獲得國家發(fā)明專利

       Water Saving Device of First Stage RO Water

       Technical Domain

       This invention is a device help improve yield of purified water in the first stage RO process.

       Background

       By using extra pressure on side of high solute concentration water in the first RO process, this water saving device purifies high solute concentration water, 30% of original feed water. After purification, the solvent will be sent to a tank before RO process as part of feed water for RO process, which helps decreasing water treatment amount, reducing discharge amount of waste water, improving energy utilization rate as well as decreasing consumption of tap water.

       Details of invention

       Operational process:

       Quality improvement of feed water in the 1st RO process:

       In general, conductivity of tap water is about 300~400µs and conductivity keeps the same after treatment process before RO. However, conductivity of solvent through this device is reduced to 45~60µs. When tap water mixed with the treated solvent, whose conductivity is reduced to around 200µs, enormously improve quality of feed water for RO process. Thus, quality of water treated after RO process also gets great improvement, whose conductivity will decline 3~4µs compared with water without treated by the invented device. Moreover, quality improvement of feed water also extends service life of membrane in RO process.

       Reuse of scrapped membrane:

       After filtering certain amount of water, efficiency of membrane used in RO process will decline, causing problems such as increase of treated water conductivity, decrease of water flow and increase of differential pressure on two sides of membrane. To keep normal operation of water treatment system, membrane must be changed. Used membrane usually will be scrapped directly. In general, membrane needs be changed if its conductivity exceeds 20µs. This water saving device is composed of parallel membrane shells with scrapped membrane inside and valves at both ends. Via opening or closing valves to control quantity of working membrane and then control yield amount of treated water.

       Fully use of extra pressure:

       High pressure pump push water through membrane in RO process and then get purified water. On the side of high solute concentration water area, there is 0.7Mpa extra pressure, usually will be reduced before discharge high solute concentration water. This water saving device use the extra pressure to filter high solute concentration water, which is supposed to be discharged directly before adding water saving device, so there is no need of new power and efficiency of high pressure pump has been fully used.

       專家簡介：葉勛，高級工程師，費森尤斯卡比華瑞制藥有限公司技術(shù)服務(wù)部副經(jīng)理，中國醫(yī)藥設(shè)備工程協(xié)會專家委員會委員，20多年以來致力于研究制藥用水的生產(chǎn)與輸送，擁有多項發(fā)明專利。